What is anemia

Human blood contains an average of 14.8 g% hemoglobin. If the blood hemoglobin is less than 11 gm%, it is called anemia. However, the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is not the same for everyone.

A normal male hemoglobin level is 14-16 g/ 100 ml

Normal female hemoglobin levels. 12-14 g/ 100 ml liter

of the newborn = 19 g/ 100 ml litre

children = 11.5 g/ 100 ml liter

Anemia can be divided into three categories according to the level of hemoglobin.

normal = 11-14/100 ml

Pernicious anemia (+) 8-10.9/100 ml

Causes of anemia

Lack of iron, meat and vitamin- B in the diet. Bleeding from arms due to hookworms.

Excessive bleeding during menstruation.

Rapid excessive bleeding from the wound.

Malaria causes destruction of red blood cells.

- Low birth weight babies and twins have low hemoglobin in their blood.

If the mother has anemia during pregnancy, the baby is born with anemia.

Having frequent babies.

After the age of 6 months, infants who are exclusively breastfed can develop anemia.

Low blood cell production due to bone marrow disease.

Signs and symptoms of anemia

Red color of blood is due to hemoglobin. Anemia is caused by a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin

Membranes in various parts of the body appear pale. The inner side of the eyelids (conjunctiva) will look pale.

Lips and tongue membranes will appear pale.

Palms and nails will also appear pale.

The patient may complain of weakness, dizziness, shortness of breath on exertion. Due to the decrease in blood density, water in the body (Oedema) may appear.

Breathing and pulse rate are also faster than normal due to decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood will be more Severe anemia can lead to heart failure. Diagnosis of anemia in the patient

Our body's mucous membranes are very thin, allowing the internal flow to be visible. All these mucous membranes look pale. Anemia is usually tested in the eyes, mucous membranes of the tongue and lips.

To examine the mucous membrane in the lower eyelids-

Explain to the patient what is going to be done before examining the mucous membrane.

. Sit facing the patient.

• Pull the lower eyelids down with the thumbs of both hands.

Now if the patient is asked to look upwards, the mucous membrane of the throat will be clearly seen. If you examine the leaves of some people, you will have a rough idea of ​​how anemia looks like.

Ask the patient to stick out the tongue and Aga Chi of the tongue to show anemia in the tongue have to do Blood test to know the amount of hemoglobin in the blood All blood test materials should be prepared. Eg - spirit in a tray, kidney etc

Lancet/ Needle.

Explain to the patient that it is very important to know if he is anemic and reassure him that it will not harm him.

Wash your hands thoroughly.

8. Clean the tip of the patient's fingers with cotton swabs (usually the ring finger of the left hand).

Pinch with two fingers just below the area of ​​the finger where the blood will be taken.

Prick the scalp with a sterile needle.

9. Wipe the first drop of blood with cotton.

Then absorb a drop of blood on a strip of paper.

Ask the patient to hold the puncture site with a piece of clean cotton until the bleeding stops.

10. Match the color of the blood on the paper with the color of the percentage on the chart. Results:

a) Normal

Above 80 percent

Treatment of anemia

Ferrous Sulphate Pills 60mg Iron + Folic Acid 0.25mg.

Supply: Ferrous Sulphate 60 mg and Folic Acid 0.25 mg per tablet.

Uses: This pill is very useful in anemia of pregnant and post- partum mothers and anemia due to iron deficiency in the body.

Taking iron pills can cause stomach problems, including heartburn, nausea, flatulence, and diarrhea.

3. Unabsorbed iron causes black stools. It does no harm.

Iron- rich foods like green leafy vegetables, green leafy vegetables, beans, chickpeas, bananas, guava tea Other seed- based foods: flour bread, liver and all kinds of normal foods should be mentioned. Small gardens around the house should be taught to plant vegetables and poultry should be encouraged.

Vegetables should be washed and cut before cooking so that the iron in the food is not wasted.

Ask to come to the clinic for a physical examination at a certain time.

Ref

. Severe anemia should be referred.

• If the hemoglobin content in the blood is less than 45% or 6 gm/ 100 ml then the patient should be given blood. In this case, refer the patient to the hospital.

• Refer immediately if patient has shortness of breath or pulse rate above 100/ min.

• If the patient has water in his body, he should be referred.

Health education to prevent anemia Various measures to prevent anemia

• Eating a balanced diet is the best way to prevent anemia. Include iron- rich foods in your daily diet, such as green leafy vegetables. Red vegetables, raw banana, banana thor, kachushak, kachur lati, dal, wheat food and jaggery should be there. If money is not a problem, it should be advised to eat animal food such as liver, eggs, meat.

• Pregnant mothers should be given iron tablets along with a balanced diet and especially iron rich foods. Pay more. Because the accumulation of iron in the mother's body is transferred to the baby's body.

Babies who are born before full term must be given only breast milk for the first 6 months along with colostrum. No additional drinks are required.

After 6 months of age, additional food rich in iron should be given.

• Pregnant mothers should be fed a variety of foods that are high in iron and nutrients.

• Sour fruits like lemons should be given as vitamin- C in sour fruits helps absorption of dietary iron.